The Stages Of Cognitive Developmental Theory - 1629 Words

Piagets stage theory is also known as the cognitive developmental theory. Constructivist perspective. No matter the name Piaget believed that children benefit most from concrete experiences or hands-on activities that allow the student to manipulate his or her environment in order to build knowledge based on interactions with the universe.(Mohammad,2012) Piaget believed knowledge is acquired in a set of stages. There is 4 stages that knowledge is obtained. The first stage Sensorimotor occurs approximately between the age of two. Children at this stage develop the idea of Object Permanence. The idea that an object exists even though they can’t see it. In this step children also acquire the ability of reflexes. In stage two Preoperational stage begins. This usually happens between the age of 2-7. Children of this age bracket are â€Å"egocentric and are dominated by perception.†(ch.2.4) They believe that the world exists from their view point. They understand concrete present day stuff but no understanding of abstract. 7-11 yrs enter the Concrete Operational stage. The logical stage. Children are able to se different viewpoints. There also good at understanding basic math, and classify objects by more than one characteristic. (a yellow duck can go in yellow category and the duck category.) The last stage is known as the Formal Operational Stage. When a child is a 11 years or older they are finally understanding the concept of abstract thinking. ChildrenShow MoreRelatedCritical Review of the Moral, Cognitive, Social and Personality Developmental Stages of Michael Oher in the Movie Blindside. Use the Kohlberg, Piaget and Eriksons Developmental Theories Tosupport Review2605 Words   |  11 PagesKOHLBERGS SIX STAGES Level 1. Preconventional Morality Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation. Kohlbergs stage 1 is similar to Piagets first stage of moral thought. The child assumes that powerful authorities hand down a fixed set of rules which he or she must unquestioningly obey. To the Heinz dilemma, the child typically says that Heinz was wrong to steal the drug because Its against the law, or Its bad to steal, as if this were all there were to it. When asked to elaborate, theRead MoreUnderstanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory1208 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of Cognitive theories has many different aspects that have been debated many years ago. Developmental psychologists try to explain cognitive development approaches which describe the process of human s thought. One of the developmental psychologist who studied on the area of cognitive was Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist was the first developmental researcher who has extensive research on cognitive development. In addition, the revolution of Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory has changedRead MoreJean Piagets Four Stages Of Cognitive Development1326 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Overview Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development proposes that the developmental process of a child is the result of their brains maturity, their nervous system, and environmental factors. He believes the foundation of a childs ability to learn is through discovery learning (Gordon Browne, 2016). Piaget suggests that a child’s logic of thinking is different from that of an adults. Children’s cognitive performance is directly related to the stage of development that they are in currentlyRead MoreSocial and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on1300 Words   |  6 PagesSocial and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on the person’s ability to intellect, perceive and process information. (35589) defined the cognitive ability as the process in which people learn, think and use language; it is the progression of their mental capacity from being irrational to rational (35589). Piaget and Vygotsky are two cognitive theorists whom were interested in the cognitive development of a person across their life span and its relationRead MoreTheories Of Development : Piagets Theory Of Cognitive Development1363 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets theory of cognitive development In the 1960s and 1970s, the Freudian psychology was changed with the initiation of the empirical methods to study the human behavior. Psychologist and philosopher Jean Piaget empirically verified, moving towards the cognitive development theory to provide the new perspective to the individual in getting awareness about the developmental stages of the children. Just like Freud, Piaget thought that human development could only be described in stages. On theRead MoreJean Piaget s Cognitive Theory Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of the Cognitive Theory, focusing on how people think over time, which, in turn, reflects in how how attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped. Jean Piaget observed and divided the Cognitive Theory into four periods of cognitive development, which occur in the following order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Of the four stages, each has it’s own characteristics and developmental gains, which are pr ogressive and developmental with each increasingRead MoreJean Piaget And Albert Bandura946 Words   |  4 Pageswould be Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura and how their theories fit into the developmental process. Both are great contributors to the field of psychology due to their theories on cognitive development. There are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitive theory in term of ideas and subjects that were used. Jean Piagets was one of the most recognized and influential developmental psychologist in the 20th century. Jean Piaget was bornRead MorePiaget s Impact On Education862 Words   |  4 Pagesin the area of developmental psychology during the twentieth century. Piaget’s theory has impacted education and a focuses on developmentally appropriate education. Because of Piaget’s impact on education, curriculum, instruction and materials have been developed and are used by students in accordance with the student’s physical and cognitive abilities, along with their emotional and social needs (Ojose, 2008). Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development;Read MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Two Theories of Gender Role Development1379 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast two theories of gender role development A dominant debate in current psychological research is one on gender development. Psychologists try to understand relative importance of social and cognitive factors. Various theories are brought up in this field and in this essay two of the most standard theory in this field are going to be explained. The theories covered in this essay relate to aspects of children’s thinking that are central to their gender development. This will includeRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 PagesIn this childhood developmental study, a comparative analysis of the theories of Lee Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, and Howard Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in

A Long Way Down By Matthew Simpson Song Analysis Free Essays

string(164) " that would give us a â€Å"well-rounded† opinion if you like, it would also get terribly boring unless that character had split personalities, for example\." Nick Hornby is a modern British classic author, having won many awards, most of his books have climbed to the top of the bestsellers chart. Most of his books are fictional and tend to be written about unemployed characters or characters who are now quite far down the social ladder, for whatever reason. His books have done well enough for three films to be made out of them. We will write a custom essay sample on A Long Way Down By Matthew Simpson Song Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘A Long Way Down’ is about four characters who want to commit suicide, but meet and decide not to, instead opting to help each other. It was very successful because of its narrative and the characters which we like to read about in order to make ourselves feel better. People would also buy it because of his previous success. There are many reasons for its success, including the fact that it is about suicide. We are intrigued by this narrative because it is something we do not really know about. The theme of social wealth is also very important because it is something we are involved with on a day to day basis. Character introductions are very important because it sets the standard for the rest of the novel and also needs to hook the reader. ‘Emma’ By Jane Austin is a good example as it hooks us by talking immediately about social wealth, â€Å"with very little to distress or vex her†, this intrigues us because we want to learn about her luxurious lifestyle. As I have previously discussed, Hornby is a bestselling author who has become a modern classic author. This reputation must have helped ‘A Long Way Down’ to sell well, as it did become a bestseller. Exploration of character introductions All four characters start the narrative and the variety in social wealth of the characters adds to interest. By having these four contradicting characters, we are guaranteed conflict. Jess is a young, party-going loudmouth, but is without many friends, â€Å"and not have anywhere to go on New Year’s Eve.† We as readers wonder what her life is like, but once we find out that she has a political father, and a comfortable home, we feel little sympathy for her. Jess likes to argue with and annoy the other characters, which can excite us, because we like to see characters fall out in order to make us feel better about ourselves. Maureen is the other female, who is extremely introverted with a disabled son. Her transformation from this character into a more relaxed, open and friendly character after hitting Jess’ ex, shows us that even the most reclusive people can change and be happy, making us as readers happy as well. By adding a supposed rising American rock star, who has unfortunately fallen on hard times, we feel sorry that he was not able to achieve his ambitions. JJ’s constant use of swear words livens up the story, â€Å"Oh OK, your band was fucked up†¦the only reason you were in this fuckin’ country†, as we don’t see it as being pretentious, or something that we can’t read. The icing on the cake has to be the law-breaking child molester, â€Å"screwing a fifteen-year-old†, who rocketed into the public eye for things which he would rather have not been’ being bombarded by the press with headlines such as â€Å"SLEAZEBAG!† We want to know how on earth he could possibly live with himself, and perhaps understand that he’s not the murderous villain that we might typically stereotype him as. Although, for sure, we are not meant to like him all that much. Having these four different suicidal characters also means that we can see t hat suicidal people aren’t necessarily as selfish as we might think they are, and that they are just normal people like you and me, except grossly stereotyped and with supposedly big problems. Each character interests us in a different way, and obviously one of the novels greatest pulls is its modern style, with frequent use of colloquialism and so on, as I have explained below. However, some other interesting factors are the fact that Jess doesn’t use speech marks because she apparently doesn’t understand how to use them. By varying the syntax like this, it makes the sentence structure less common and so more interesting to read, and perhaps a bit more of a challenge to read. Another key factor is how one character thinks of the other characters, for example Martin thinks that he is too cool to â€Å"hang around† with the other three, when he clearly isn’t. This difference in attitudes towards each other that they don’t all necessarily know about, has the effect of making the reader think they have an advantaged view on things and so want to find out how things change. Hornby releases information slowly in order to add intrigue. This is evident in the first chapter which Maureen â€Å"writes†, where she talks about a â€Å"He† and â€Å"His† without telling us who this is. We wonder if she is in a dysfunctional relationship, until we find out a few lines later that it is actually her son, and later still a sick child, which perhaps makes her seem selfish when she says, â€Å"but you can see that nothing goes in.† It is vastly important that Hornby uses a split narrative so hat we can see the central plot told or portrayed from several different angles, and see what effects it has on Martin’s family or what he has left of it as a result, for example, â€Å"You know Martin left us? We didn’t leave him?† It also gives us, as readers, variety so that if we get bored of one characters way of writing, we are safe in the knowledge that another character will be along in a minute that has a different outlook on things, and a different style of writing, inspiring us to keep reading. Moreover, if we had just one narrative then we wouldn’t learn anything about suicide that would give us a â€Å"well-rounded† opinion if you like, it would also get terribly boring unless that character had split personalities, for example. You read "A Long Way Down By Matthew Simpson Song Analysis" in category "Papers" Explore Hornby’s writing style I think that Hornby’s writing style is fabulous. The way we get the impression that he has written nothing, and that it was the work of these completely believable characters is astounding. As above, he frequently uses colloquialism, presumably to bring the novel down to earth and to make people believe that these could be real people. He uses very subtle language techniques such as brackets to make Maureen seem un-confident and Jess’ lack of speech marks to indicate stupidity. Practically the whole book is written like a conversation and flows like one as well. Pretty much the whole book could be put on a stage without too much re-writing, and this, I suppose, helps to lift it out of the weighting of â€Å"a book† where complicated language and dull paragraphs are used into something that you could believe to be happening in you street. Exploration of themes and narratives We are interested in a group of people who want to kill themselves because it is not something we would normally think of doing, and neither is it something that we know about. The fact that suicide is so taboo in modern society makes the narrative of this book even more narrative, because it is somewhere where we can find out a little more about suicide, without all the opinions of other people etc. We are ultimately intrigued by this. Social wealth is extremely important in the novel, because if the characters had been successful people with lots of money, and lots of friends then we as reads would not be interested. When we pick up a book, most of us like to escape to another world, and find out about that world. Furthermore, we like to feel good about ourselves at the same time, so the characters have to be the complete opposite to the above so that we can compare it to our own lives and be happy that we are doing fairly well. A lot of people are obsessed with celebrity in today’s society, so the fact that this is a key component for Martin in the novel is a big pull. Celebrity magazines usually focus on relationships, and rarely do we see celebrities with such vivid problems as Martin. We as readers want to see what this fame-torn star does with his life and also to observe his downfall. They want to know how someone with such a reputable job could get into such a bad state, which is something a lot of people like finding out about. We perhaps also feel sympathy for him because of the way he is treated by the media, which draws parallels with how real-life celebrities are treated and how we now think of them as a result of reading the novel. For those people who read ‘A Long Way Down’ and are religious, a big part of the narrative for them must be Maureen’s struggle with her religion’s stance on what she so desperately wants to do and the pain she is suffering. People may wonder how on earth a Catholic could possible consider one of the biggest sins, as the obvious thing to say is that it is not an option for her, but she clearly thinks it is. Readers will want to find out, specifically in these days of high religious tension, how and if she manages to turn her back on her religion’s beliefs. Suicide and religious guilt tie in very tightly with each other here. Some people may argue that the ending of the novel was a bit of an anti-climax, because they were expecting at least one of the four to commit suicide. However, I would argue that it wasn’t, because we never really root for any of the characters to kill themselves, instead we want to see them resolve their problems. The fact that we get an ending where they talk about helping someone else who is in their situation, shows that they have learnt something and moved on, and this makes us happy. In Martin’s last chapter, he seems to write a bit like an offender doing community service, as he tries to gain back his â€Å"self-respect.† This shows us that his arrogance from the start of the novel had perhaps started to die, until we read that he didn’t like the child and blamed him for not getting his self-respect back quickly, â€Å"I blamed him, partly.† And again, perhaps the â€Å"partly† shows that he is starting to see the error of his ways. He also uses a circular narrative; the story beings with him stating, â€Å"Suicide was my Sydney†, and ends by saying, â€Å"self-respect is in, say, Sydney.† This shows us that he has moved on, but more so that he was back at the start, as were the others, and all the guilt and problems they had were very much still there. Throughout the book I never really cared for any of the characters and perhaps this is because I saw hope for them, there was always an alternate path; Maureen could have sent Matty to a care home, so I didn’t think they needed caring for. I think that they were designed to intrigue and interest the reader, but were too vulgar or out of the ordinary to care for. I think that a reader would be more likely to care for a character if they were in a similar situation and so could empathize with them. In conclusion, I think that the social relevance of the novel outweighs that of the character introductions, because it is such a big issue in modern society, and this is where the initial spark of intrigue comes from, from us wanting to know so much about the topic of suicide. However, because the character introductions are so good, they are also responsible for hooking the reader and keeping them reading, perhaps more so than the social relevance. Had this book been released in the 1920s then the social relevance in relation to partying and suicide etc, would have perhaps of been less than it is now, and the introductions would have been such a contrast to writing of that time that they would not hook many people. So after reflection, it must be a combination of the two. How to cite A Long Way Down By Matthew Simpson Song Analysis, Papers

Global Technological and Cyber Risks

Question: Choose one kind of Global Risk (Under one kind of global risk Discuss about maximum 1/2 types of that risk, Example if you select geopolitical risk- Under geopolitical risk you may select International terrorism and Changes in Government Policies) from the list below which we studied during the first six weeks of the module. Discuss how this selected Global risk may be exacerbated by globalisation. (Use recent relevant examples from countries and industries to support your work). Answer: Introduction There have been increasing interconnectivity, globalisation and the commercialisation process of cybercrime, which has completely driven the frequency and severity including the breaching of data. As per the globalised data privacy and protection. Cyber risks has led to data vulnerability and attack poses of all the significant threats. There is a need to set up a better business which can identify the cyber security culture and tackle all the risks that have been set in sharing knowledge. (Westby, 2015). The data protection and liability risks are dominating the cyber landscaped and have a major impact on the increasing risks imposed on the business. The supply chain management and the emerging risks of technology has evolved with the usage of outsource services and storage. This brings a complete change in the new technology setup along with creating an operating system which pertains to the prospective of a cyber-loss pattern. Risks related to cybercrime. The cybercrime has been the growing area of crime, where all the criminals are exploiting the speed with the inconvenience that has been caused to commit a diversified range of all the different activities. There is a need to set an advancement in the high technological crime where the sophisticated attacks have been done against all the computer hardware system. With the changing nature, there has been an emerging change which sets to the global economy and runs under the commitment of false activities by small groups or individuals. (Kaplan et al., 2015). The cybercriminal networks have been able to bring a change and facilitate the activities in order to completely maximise the profit when the crimes are theft, fraud and other illegal gambling. With the change in development process, there have been certain focus on the local law enforcement which is able to set and combine the inputs on the globalised scale. There have been certain initiatives which focus on the operations and th e investigative support systems, cyber intelligence and analysis. A complete research is based on digital forensics, capacity building and national cyber reviews to enforce the detection and prevention of all the digital crimes. There have been distribution of viruses with illegal file downloading along with phishing, pharming and stealing all the information like the details of the bank account. There have been borderless and globalised cybercrimes in which there is an unknown perpetrator. All sly and silent victims might not be aware of the hacking or the stolen data. (Farhangi et al., 2016). There is a need to focus on the tracing of perpetrator as it is difficult to trace them and prosecute. All the jurisdictions have been set for the victims legalised structure. A proper innovation with new scams is developed on regular basis to set the advancement in computer technology. There have been governmental and the non-state actors who have been involved in the cybercrimes which certain thefts related to finance and other activities. It is important to track them and make a report according to the set actions. The entire representation is based on the fraud and financial crime where the misinterpretation is intended to set a retaining loss. There have been certain alterations in the unauthorised ways and which requires to set a change in the technical expertise of the systems and the data alteration. The destruction and suppression is difficult to detect easily and the alteration is based on the deletion of the stored data. Types of Cybercrime As per the investigation, there have been changes in the connected people and devices which set a change to the different aspects of computer. (Saaty, 2015). The major focus has been to address all the interesting and alarming facts, which are not easy to digest. An identical approach, without any sophisticated security package completely takes the shape of the theft on the personal data, or any infringement of copyrights. All fraud, cyber stalking and child pornography has been set on wider ranges to protect the safety of computer and define the following risks: Type 1 This has been focusing on the single events perspectives of the victim, which focus on the acknowledging downloads in the system. The virus of Trojan hours has been installed which is a keystroke and set on the machine, which allows the hacker to completely steal all the private data on the internet like the banking details, emails and the passwords. One of this type is called as phishing where the victims are said to receive a complete illegitimate email which can cause the owner to lose his information relating to the hosting website. The hackers can easily carry out the type 1 cybercrime depending upon the needs and advantages of the web browser. There is a relative threat which is set under the manipulation of data and services through the process of hacking, theft or any fraud issues.(Rigby et al., 2015). Type 2 This has been focusing on the covering of cyber stalking, harassment and the child predation, extortion. A complete manipulation of the different ranges of stock market set a better planning to carry out the activities depending upon the on-going series of events. A proper target has been set to attempt and establish a relationship where the criminal completely exploits the relationship in order to focus on committing a crime. (Fomenko, 2015). There have been programs set under the facilitated crime ware, where the conversation are set to use IM (instant messaging) or the files maybe transferred to the other system using the file transferring protocol (FTP). https://www.techrepublic.com/article/cybercrime-is-on-the-rise/ Cybercrime features There have been changes in the prevention costs, antivirus software and insurance system. All the consequence costs have been set for handle the weakened competition due to the lost and property theft issues. The compensation costs needs to be defined to the victims which can help in finding all the regulatory bodies. (Helbing, 2015). Certain indirect costs like the reputational damages and other loss of confidence has led to a complete destruction of the computer system data security. Certain threat relating factors are trying to handle the skilful levels along with having an advancement in the usage of the computer skills and programming. The motivational threat agents and other opportunities provide access to different system administration process. The vulnerability directs to ease the discovery, loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability system. https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/indian-cyber-crime-soars-350-in-3-years-115011900329_1.html The alterations have been based on including bank fraud, carding and identifying all the thefts to improve the documentation with a significant risks in internet problems and the scan of server. IT and technology has become important to bring a change and develop better technology in changing time. The usage of all the outsourcing services like cloud computing and data process is set to properly handle a large interruption in business. (Todinov, 2015). Cyber risk in technology has been changing with the changed in the cloud computation, social media. There have been increasing punitive legal and regulatory environment which sets the data privacy based on the privacy implications. Solution of Cyber Risk For properly handling the data in the organisation, there is a need to gather, maintain and complete disseminate the private information to have a higher degree of dependency based on the computer networking system. All the engaged vendors with additional services are directly subjected to regulatory statutes. The major concern has been contingent to handle the related infrastructure which is mainly concerned to settle the standards insurance policies. (Peixoto et al., 2016). All the general liabilities need to cover the property damage and the errors which have been resulted from a failure of certain defined services. A proper insurance and coverage of crimes will help in security development. There has been emergence of pervasive risks in the environment of business to view all the IT problems. Total protection is impossible to attain the risks of sustainability along with setting a cyber-security program which is defensive, actionable and completely adaptive. There have been set features to take care of the business disruption along with all the remediation expense which are directed to losing cost of different opportunity. An effective approach has been set to detect the technology and the advanced threats that direct to combine with the best-in-breed technology development. This is important to deliver a higher level of context awareness in order to meet all the IT centric security patterns. (Johnson et al., 2015). The major approach is to ensure and deliver the information which is set to provide key characteristics to improve the cyber security postures. The integration has been set to reduce the financial impact and work on the emphasis of human intelligence and adv anced analytics growth. In this, one needs to focus on combining the people, process and technology to completely differentiate the cyber security solutions. This is focusing on detection and mitigation with the intelligent monitoring incident response. Changes in Government Policies It has been seen that the sovereign of the government is to control what happens within the borders. The IT specialists have to take care and control the information from being breaches. The entire system has been set to prevent the cross border flow of information. There have been certain government aspects which ensure to take a greater responsibility for a better cyber security pattern along with enabling the government agencies to strengthen the security which allows all the individuals to completely mitigate the harms and help in adapting towards effective security rules and measures. In United States, it has been seen, that there has been a proper enactment of laws which require to involve the personal data and consider on different proposals. The concern is set to handle the Data Security and Breach notification Act of 2015, which has been set for the collection and dissemination of the data of consumer. (Duffield, 2015). https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/indian-cyber-crime-soars-350-in-3-years-115011900329_1.html Certain actions have been taken by the UK Cyber Security Strategy to handle the making of the UK a more secured place for a better online business and tackle with all the cyber-attacks. This will help in shaping and supporting the open society in order to build up a knowledge and capability based on the needs of UK. (Armour, 2015). The government has been focusing on providing the best Cyber Security Information Sharing Partnership to allow the government to exchange the information based on cyber threats. Certain guiding principles have been set for providing the internet services to set a best practice to help, educate the customers from protecting through all the online threats. Global risk may be exacerbated by globalisation. The risks have been set to handle the globalisation with the growth of criminal economy. Certain extensive network are directed to set and adapt to different public authorities, which link with the social vulnerability and have been exacerbated, with the dramatic rise in the cyber risks. The globalisation offers different opportunities for a proper development and integration based on the setup and integration pattern. Globalisation and the human development has helped in providing the increased economic change as per the movement of people, labour and knowledge. The markets have been set to promote efficiency with proper competition and division of labour. There is a major focus on the globalised market opportunity and efficiency to handle the capital flow, technology and the import and export markets. A financial service aspect set the economic growth with the globalised per capital to increase and work to handle the accompanied trade. Dynamic globalisation has led to set an intens ified approach to handle economic relations with the process development, which has not been characterised by any cost of transportation and tariffs. (LEhto, 2015). A substantial change in the resource allocation with a faster integration promotes to the higher level of production, along with driving change in technology. The marked changes in the global supply management has been able to share effective solutions along with moving financial markets. There are certain problems relating to population, ecology and health which becomes a danger for some of the exotic virus. The globalised risks of the free trade set customers, norms and structure with developing nations along with free trading that undermine stability and democracy pattern. All the economic development also increase in the social and the financial distance, that directs to the impoverished people. A free trading has been set for the migration from developing to all the developed areas. Certain risks have been set to measure the voluntary representation of stock marketing index. (Byun et al., 2015). There has been elimination of different currencies, inflation and other share prices. There have been correlation with globalisation and risk banishments under the national economic system which prepare a well-diversified economy that correlated to the kinetic energy of the financial market. Certain regulations for risks and the liquidity reserves have been set to set the enhancement based on the mitigation of the globalised risks. Conclusion There have been different types of cybercrime which have been set for copying and sharing all the information as per the commercial gain and development. A proper intrusion and disruption has been set into a computer system which could damage the data or cause issues with the reconnections to another server development. In order to handle the risks and maximise the technology assets, the people, process and the technology is important to set the vulnerable threats and completely reduce the ability of an organisation to help the clients in improving their management of technology with a secured and reliable effective meeting. (Dodgson et al., 2015). There have been services related to the assessment of all the security issues, IT operations management with the proper architectural design and infrastructure stability. All the clients depend on reviewing the risks and the contractual reviews which are important for handling the technology errors and other omissions based on media liabil ity and data protection. The team of cyber risks has been focusing on playing a major role to constantly develop a greater pattern which can handle the costs and ease the procedures. With the changing information, it is important to set the rising change in the economy, where all the different IT events are assessing the predicted types of incidents and other impacts. Reference Westby, J.R. and CEO, G.C.R.L., 2015. Governance of Cybersecurity: 2015 Report. Saaty, T.L., 2015. A Marijuana Legalization Model Using Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) Analysis.International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences (IJSDS),6(2), pp.1-11. Farhangi, H., 2016. Cyber-Security Vulnerabilities: An Impediment Against Further Development of Smart Grid. InSmart Grids from a Global Perspective(pp. 77-93). Springer International Publishing. Kaplan, J.M., Bailey, T., Rezek, C., OHalloran, D. and Marcus, A., 2015. Cyberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ attacks Jeopardize Companies Pace of Innovation. Wright, M.F., 2015. Emerging Adults' Coping Strategies: Longitudinal Linkages to their Involvement in Cyber Aggression and Cyber Victimization.International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning (IJCBPL),5(2), pp.1-14. Todinov, M., 2015. Reducing Risk through Segmentation, Permutations, Time and Space Exposure, Inverse States, and Separation.International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management (IJRCM),4(3), pp.1-21. Helbing, D., 2015. Global Networks Must be Redesigned. InThinking Ahead-Essays on Big Data, Digital Revolution, and Participatory Market Society(pp. 67-73). Springer International Publishing. Peixoto, J., Tereso, A., Fernandes, G. and Almeida, R., 2016. A Project Risk Management Methodology Developed for an Electrical Portuguese Organization.International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP),7(1), pp.1-19. Rigby, D. and Bilodeau, B., 2015. Management Tools Trends 2015.London, Bain Company. Johnson, K.N., 2015. Cyber Risks: Emerging Risk Management Concerns for Financial Institutions.Ga. L. Rev.,50, p.131. Nasir, M.A., Nefti-Meziani, S., Sultan, S. and Manzoor, U., 2015, June. Potential cyber-attacks against global oil supply chain. InCyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics and Assessment (CyberSA), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1-7). IEEE. Armour, C., 2015. The regulator: Serve and protect. Duffield, M., 2015. 6. The digital development-security nexus: linking cyber-humanitarianism and drone warfare.Handbook of International Security and Development, p.80. Malhotra, Y., 2015. Risk, Uncertainty, and, Profit for the Cyber Era: Model Risk Management of Cyber Insurance Models Using Quantitative Finance and Advanced Analytics.Available at SSRN. Nasir, M.A., Nefti-Meziani, S., Sultan, S. and Manzoor, U., 2015, June. Potential cyber-attacks against global oil supply chain. InCyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics and Assessment (CyberSA), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1-7). IEEE. Dodgson, M., Gann, D., Wladawsky-Berger, I., Sultan, N. and George, G., 2015. Managing digital money.Academy of Management Journal,58(2), pp.325-333. Byun, J., Sa, J., Shin, Y.T., Lee, H.K. and Kim, J.B., 2015. APJ (Asia Pacific Japan) Countries Regulations, Policies and Options to Mitigate the Identified Risks for Global Network Companies. Lehto, M., 2015, July. Cyber Security CompetenciesCyber Security Education and Research in Finnish Universities. InProceedings of the 14th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 2015: ECCWS 2015(p. 179). Academic Conferences Limited.

You might remember the heroic role that newly

You might remember the heroic role that newly-inve Essay nted radar played in the Second World War. People hailed it then as Our Miracle Ally. But even in its earliest years, as it was helping win the war, radar proved to be more than an expert enemy locator. Radar technicians, doodling away in their idle moments, found that they could focus a radar beam on a marshmallow and toast it. They also popped popcorn with it. Such was the beginning of microwave cooking. The very same energy that warned the British of the German Luftwaffe invasion and that policemen employ to pinch speeding motorists, is what many of us now have in our kitchens. Its the same as what carries long distance phone calls and cablevision. Hitlers army had its own version of radar, using radio waves. But the trouble with radio waves is that their long wavelength requires a large, cumbersome antenna to focus them into a narrow radar beam. The British showed that microwaves, with their short wavelength, could be focussed ina narrow beam with an antenna many times smaller. T his enabled them to make more effective use of radar since an antenna could be carried on aircraft, ships and mobile ground stations.This characteristic of microwaves, the efficiency with which they are concentrated in a narrow beam, is one reason why they can be used in cooking. You can produce a high-powered microwave beam in a small oven, but you cant do the same with radio waves, which are simply too long.Microwaves and their Use The idea of cooking with radiation may seem like a fairly new one, but in fact it reaches back thousands of years. Ever since mastering fire, man has cooked with infrared radiation, a close kin of the microwave.Infrared rays are what give you that warm glow when you put your hand near a room radiator or a hotplate or a campfire. Infrared rays, flowing from the sun and striking the atmosphere, make the Earth warm and habitable. In a conventional gas or electric oven, infrared waves pour off the hot elements or burners and are converted to heat when they strike air inside and the food. Microwaves and infrared rays are related in that both are forms of electromagnetic energy. Both consist of electric and magnetic fields that rise and fall like waves on an ocean. Silently, invisibly and at the speed of light, they travel through space and matter. There are many forms of electromagnetic energy (see diagram). Ordinary light from the sun is one, and the only one you can actually see. X-rays are another. Each kind, moving at a separate wavelength, has a unique effect on any matter it touches. When you lie out in the summer sun, for example, its the infrared rays that bring warmth, but ultraviolet radiation that tans your skin. If the Earths protective atmosphere werent there, intense cosmic radiation from space would kill you.So why do microwaves cook faster than infrared rays?Well, suppose youre roasting a chicken in a radar range. What happens is that when you switch on the microwaves, theyre absorbed only by water molecules in the chic ken. Water is what chemists call a polar molecule. It has a slightly positive charge at one end and a slightly negative charge at the opposite end. This peculiar orientation provides a sort of handle for the microwaves to grab onto. The microwaves agitate the water molecules billions of times a second, and this rapid movement generates heat and cooks the food.Since microwaves agitate only water molecules, they pass through all other molecules and penetrate deep into the chicken. They reach right inside the food. Ordinary ovens, by contrast, fail to have the same penetrating power because their infrared waves agitate all molecules. Most of the infarred radiation is spent heating the air inside the oven, and any remaining rays are absorbed by the outer layer of the chicken. Food cooks in an ordinary oven as the heat from the air and the outer layer of the food slowly seeps down to the inner layers. In short, oven microwaves cook the outside of the chicken at the same time as they cook the inside. Infrared energy cook from the outside in a slower process.This explains why preheating is necessary in a conventional oven. The air inside must be lifted to a certain temperature by the infrared rays before it can heat the food properly.. It also explains why infrared ovens brown food and microwave ovensdont. Bread turns crusty and chicken crispy in a infrared oven simply because their outside gets much hotter than their interior. Finally, as anyone who owns a microwave oven knows, you never put an empty container inside a radar range. Since nonpolar materials such as plastic and glass dont warm up in the presence of microwaves, there will be nothing in the oven to absorb the radiation. Instead, it will bounce back and forth against the walls of the oven, creating an electrical arc that may burn a hole in the oven.This hushed energy, electromagnetic radiation, flows all around us. All forms of matter, even your own body, produce electromagnetism microwaves, x-rays, unt raviolet rays. It may interest you to know that whereas the human eye is sensitive to light radiation, the eye of the snake can sense infrared. Your body emits infrared radiation day and night, so snakes can see you even when you cant see them. Though weak microwaves exist naturally, scientists didnt invent devices that harnass them for useful purposes until the 1930s. In a radar range, the device from which microwaves emanate is a small vacuum tube, called a magnetron. A magnetron takes electrical energy from an ordinary household outlet and uses it to push electrons in its core so that they oscillate fast enough to give off microwaves. These are then relayed by a small antenna to a hollow tube, called a waveguide, which channels the microwaves to a fanlike stirrer that scatters them around the ovens interior. They bounce off the oven walls and are absorbed by water molecules in the food. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that our exposure to electromagnetic radiat ion increases by several percent a year. Look around you. The modern landscape fairly bristles with microwave dishes and antennae. Here again, in telecommuncations, it is the convenience with which microwaves can be focused in a narrow beam, that makes them so useful. Microwave dishes can be hundreds of times smaller than radio wave dishes.Industry employs microwaves heat in many ways to dry paints, bond plywood, roast coffee beans, kill weeds and insects, and cure rubber. Microwaves trigger garage door openers and burglar alarms. The new cellular car phone is a microwave instrument. Microwaves and Your Body Not surprisingly, as high-powered microwaves have proliferated in the atmosphere and the workplace, a passionate debate has grown over the pontential danger they pose to human health. But that is a topic for another article. For the moment, scientists at the University of Guelph have recently reported using microwaves to raise chickens. Housed in a large oven-like enclosure, yo ung chicks keep warm under a slow drizzle of radiation. So far, the chicks seem to like their home in the range. Theyve even learned to turn on the microwaves whenever they feel cold. A similar scheme for heating human beings has actually been proposed by a scientist from Harvard University. Equipping buildings with microwave radiators would cut energy costs, he says, since microwaves heat people and not the surrounding air. Just set the thermostat dial to rare, medium or well done! Some researchers are concerned that people who work with microwave equipment are absorbing low levels of radiation that may prove harmful over the long term. One line of experiments has shown that uncoiled DNA molecules in a test tube can absorb microwave energy. The unravelled DNA chains resonate to the microwaves in the same way that a violin string vibrates when plucked. The question this raises is this: does microwave radiation vibrate coiled DNA in the human body, and if so, is this vibration strong enough to knock off vital molecules from the chain? 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Free Essays on Syphilis History Of

If you were to take a look at our World’s history there are many people who have stood out above all others, some for their philosophy, astronomy, or religion. There are also the places that have had significant impact on the world. The Middle East and China for example have had rich and extended history. The one area of history that most people overlook as we travel back in time are the diseases’ that have devastated our population. One disease that I would like to talk about is Treponema Pallidum. It has been written about, debated over, and has affected every culture it has come into contact with. This is the corkscrew shaped bacteria responsible for the infection that we call syphilis (United States Naval Flight Surgeon's Manual, 1991). The purpose of this paper is to look at were syphilis originated, how it spread and how it was treated. The first unquestionable epidemic of syphilis occurred in Europe at the end of the 15th century (Arrizabalaga, 1997). With this first epidemic, came the first chorus of blames. Travelers were blamed, prostitutes were blamed, soldiers were blamed, and of course Columbus was blamed. The Muscovites called syphilis the Polish sickness. The Poles called it the German sickness (Gugliotta, 2000). One hypothesis assumes a New World origin, and holds that sailors who accompanied Columbus and other explorers brought the disease back to Europe. Another explanation is that syphilis was always present in the Old World but was not identified as a separate disease from leprosy before about AD 1500. A third possibility is that syphilis developed in both hemispheres from the related diseases bejel and yaws (Rose, 1997). New studies by paleopathologists Bruce and Christine Rothschild favor a New World origin. They examined 687 skeletons from archaeological sites in the United States and Ecuador ranging in age from 400 to 6,000 years (Rose, 1997). Populations to the south (New Mexico, Flor... Free Essays on Syphilis History Of Free Essays on Syphilis History Of If you were to take a look at our World’s history there are many people who have stood out above all others, some for their philosophy, astronomy, or religion. There are also the places that have had significant impact on the world. The Middle East and China for example have had rich and extended history. The one area of history that most people overlook as we travel back in time are the diseases’ that have devastated our population. One disease that I would like to talk about is Treponema Pallidum. It has been written about, debated over, and has affected every culture it has come into contact with. This is the corkscrew shaped bacteria responsible for the infection that we call syphilis (United States Naval Flight Surgeon's Manual, 1991). The purpose of this paper is to look at were syphilis originated, how it spread and how it was treated. The first unquestionable epidemic of syphilis occurred in Europe at the end of the 15th century (Arrizabalaga, 1997). With this first epidemic, came the first chorus of blames. Travelers were blamed, prostitutes were blamed, soldiers were blamed, and of course Columbus was blamed. The Muscovites called syphilis the Polish sickness. The Poles called it the German sickness (Gugliotta, 2000). One hypothesis assumes a New World origin, and holds that sailors who accompanied Columbus and other explorers brought the disease back to Europe. Another explanation is that syphilis was always present in the Old World but was not identified as a separate disease from leprosy before about AD 1500. A third possibility is that syphilis developed in both hemispheres from the related diseases bejel and yaws (Rose, 1997). New studies by paleopathologists Bruce and Christine Rothschild favor a New World origin. They examined 687 skeletons from archaeological sites in the United States and Ecuador ranging in age from 400 to 6,000 years (Rose, 1997). Populations to the south (New Mexico, Flor...

Managing the Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing the Employment Relationship - Essay Example However, regardless of the size of the organisation, it is advisable for employers to have effective systems for providing information and consultations with employees on a periodic basis (ACAS, 2005). This is particularly critical for small companies that are growing at a fast rate and need to have systems in place for employee engagement as is the case with the company under consideration. One form of employee representation is trade unions. Trade unions are associations of employees. Trade union is â€Å"an organization of workers that aims to protect and advance the interests of its members† (BIS, 2009). Their objective is to sustain and enhance the terms and conditions of work for their members. This is done through collective bargaining with employers. Recognition of the trade union by the company is very important for collective bargaining. Collective bargaining takes place when the trade union negotiates with the employer on behalf of the employees on matters regarding pay and other terms and conditions of employment. Trade unions are of four types: company union, general/industrial union, craft union and white collar union (Cole, 2003). Company union represent the employees in a single company. General or Industrial union represents employees from several companies belonging to the same industry. Craft union represents skilled workers in a specific field . White collar union represent white collar employees e.g., teachers and professors. Trade unions are set up to protect and promote the interests of employees. The existence of a trade union reduces the possibilities of industrial conflict (Dillon, 2009). Trade unions play a vital role in effective communication between management and employees. They provide the support system to ensure that the differences of opinion do not turn into major conflicts. Trade unions play an

Low Grade in a Class Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Low Grade in a Class - Assignment Example They need to capture all details, especially if the subject coverage never lasts long enough. It should measure the needed aspects; therefore, teachers need to ensure they teach subjects accordingly. In a matter under taught subjects, the teacher could base one standardized test on the learning covered. Later, he should give another test after teaching the remaining part and find the average. This would increase the value of the test and at the same time, would allow looking after the welfare of students in the case of harming them with untaught tests. Raw scores represent totals put across a table to show the correct responses as per results in a test. Compare students’ performances in a table. These students could be rated by age or any other factor. It could also be used in comparing the results of one student in many tests. A percentile would be used in the comparison of students rated at a nationwide norm. It shows a difference with percent because it represents the perfo rmance of a student in a large group. Percentile would not be a very good method for measuring student growth. The reason behind this would be that the student achieving physical growth might remain at the same percentile level. Percent describes the opposite of percentile. In this case, a test might have answers with scores that could be correct or incorrect. The number of questions answered in the correct manner would be multiplied by a hundred and later divided by a total of questions tested. Grade equivalent reveals the actual score as a result of the correctly answered questions. It represents students who earn the raw score on average. The ranks go according to their score. Such scores would mean different performances though, in conclusion, they could be put to... Raw scores represent totals put across a table to show the correct responses as per results in a test. Compare students’ performances in a table. These students could be rated by age or any other factor. It could also be used in comparing the results of one student in many tests. A percentile would be used in the comparison of students rated at a nationwide norm. It shows a difference with percent because it represents the performance of a student in a large group. Percentile would not be a very good method for measuring student growth. The reason behind this would be that the student achieving physical growth might remain at the same percentile level. Percent describes the opposite of percentile. In this case, a test might have answers with scores that could be correct or incorrect. The number of questions answered in the correct manner would be multiplied by a hundred and later divided by a total of questions tested. Grade equivalent reveals the actual score as a result of t he correctly answered questions. It represents students who earn the raw score on average. The ranks go according to their score. Such scores would mean different performances though, in conclusion, they could be put to one. Instruction depends on which one explains better the performance of a student. Here, the teacher would be able to make the parent understand the level of performance that his or her child holds.Students need to know their level of assignment and how far they could go if they put in effort.